{"id":645,"date":"2023-07-13T23:19:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T21:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/?p=645"},"modified":"2023-07-13T23:19:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T21:19:41","slug":"onemocneni-adhd-porucha-pozornosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/?p=645","title":{"rendered":"Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ADHD &#8211; porucha pozornosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozd\u00edl od diagnostick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro hyperkinetickou poruchu jsou krit\u00e9ria pro ADHD m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, tuto diagn\u00f3zu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed pouze poruchami pozornosti, bez hyperaktivity a impulzivity, nebo hyperaktivitou a impulzivitou bez poruch pozornosti. M\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro ADHD jsou, mimo jin\u00e9, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed s&nbsp;touto diagn\u00f3zou \u2013 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-mag.cz\/\"><u>p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi krit<\/u><u>\u00e9<\/u><u>rii<\/u><\/a> pro hyperkinetickou poruchu.<br>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ADHD se n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze symptom\u016f hyperaktivity, impulzivity a nepozornosti vyskytuj\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159ed 7. rokem v\u011bku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f se objevuj\u00ed na dvou \u010di v\u00edce m\u00edstech (doma, ve \u0161kole\u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>Porucha pozornosti<\/strong> \u2013 \u0161est nebo v\u00edce symptom\u016f p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch minim\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v&nbsp;m\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e1 zhor\u0161uje p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost a v\u00fdkon d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nepozornost p\u0159i \u0161koln\u00edch \u00fakolech, pom\u00edjen\u00ed detail\u016f, chyby z&nbsp;nepozornosti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>neudr\u017e\u00ed pozornost p\u0159i h\u0159e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee neposlouch\u00e1 b\u011bhem rozhovoru<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u00e1 organiza\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, nedokon\u010duje \u00fakoly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v\u011bci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stimuly snadno p\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed jeho soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zapomn\u011btliv\u00e9 v&nbsp;denn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hyperaktivita<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010dasto ne\u00fa\u010deln\u011b pohybuje rukama nebo se vrt\u00ed na \u017eidli<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010dasto opou\u0161t\u00ed lavici ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159i hr\u00e1ch zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 klid a ticho<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>st\u00e1le v&nbsp;pohybu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nadm\u011brn\u011b mnohomluvn\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Impulzivita<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010dasto vyhrkne odpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm ot\u00e1zky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u011bl\u00e1 mu obt\u00ed\u017ee \u010dekat v&nbsp;po\u0159ad\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010dasto p\u0159eru\u0161uje ostatn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdskyt ADHD je odhadov\u00e1n v&nbsp;populaci u d\u011bt\u00ed do 18 let mezi 3 a 18 %, v\u00fdskyt hyperkinetick\u00e9 poruchy asi mezi 1 a 3 %. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f se tyto poruchy 3-9kr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed u chlapc\u016f ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;d\u00edvkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u017divot s&nbsp;hyperkinetickou poruchou<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u011bti s&nbsp;hyperkinetickou poruchou maj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypress.cz\/\">inteligenci<\/a> srovnatelnou s&nbsp;ostatn\u00edmi vrstevn\u00edky, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vn\u00edmav\u00e9 a citliv\u00e9, a p\u0159itom za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto pocit \u00fasp\u011bchu ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00edce trest\u00e1ny a zahrnov\u00e1ny v\u00fd\u010ditkami. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b hledaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tele mezi vrstevn\u00edky nebo je snadno ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed. Rodi\u010de by na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u011bli b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b tolerantn\u00ed k&nbsp;nedostatk\u016fm d\u00edt\u011bte, ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o nedbalost, schv\u00e1lnost a neposlu\u0161nost, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b by m\u011bly b\u00fdt d\u00edt\u011bti ur\u010deny jasn\u00e9 a srozumiteln\u00e9 mantinely. Rodi\u010de b\u00fdvaj\u00ed opakovan\u011b vol\u00e1ni do \u0161koly kv\u016fli k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdm p\u0159estupk\u016fm d\u00edt\u011bte, musej\u00ed reagovat na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metropress.cz\/\">pozn\u00e1mky<\/a> typick\u00e9ho obsahu (vyru\u0161uje, b\u011bh\u00e1 po t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, zapom\u00edn\u00e1\u2026). Jsou zklam\u00e1ni \u0161patn\u00fdm prosp\u011bchem d\u00edt\u011bte, o kter\u00e9m se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee je nadan\u00e9 a inteligentn\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto se rozhodnou p\u0159itvrdit ve v\u00fdchov\u011b, zav\u00e9st syst\u00e9m trest\u016f, kontrol a z\u00e1kaz\u016f a p\u0159inutit d\u00edt\u011b k&nbsp;dlouh\u00e9mu vysed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nad u\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U men\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed se hyperkinetick\u00e9 projevy opravdu zm\u00edrn\u00ed nebo vymiz\u00ed v&nbsp;obdob\u00ed kolem puberty, ale probl\u00e9my s&nbsp;chov\u00e1n\u00edm a \u0161koln\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bchy, kter\u00e9 d\u011bti prov\u00e1zely cel\u00e9 d\u011btstv\u00ed, v&nbsp;mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ji\u017e sta\u010dily negativn\u011b ovlivnit jejich psychiku a postoj jejich okol\u00ed. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fdm nebyla poskytnuta odborn\u00e1 pomoc. \u010casto se s&nbsp;nimi t\u00e1hne \u201e\u0161patn\u00e1 pov\u011bst\u201c, \u0161patn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed a prosp\u011bch jim komplikuj\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly a n\u00edzk\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00ed si mohou za\u010d\u00edt kompenzovat nevhodn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na rozd\u00edl od diagnostick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro hyperkinetickou poruchu jsou krit\u00e9ria pro ADHD m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, tuto diagn\u00f3zu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed pouze poruchami pozornosti, bez hyperaktivity a impulzivity, nebo hyperaktivitou a impulzivitou bez poruch pozornosti. M\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro ADHD jsou, mimo jin\u00e9, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed s&nbsp;touto diagn\u00f3zou \u2013 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi krit\u00e9rii pro [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-rady-a-navody"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metroextra.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}